April 2013 ~ Study Material for BCA Students

Thursday, April 11, 2013

Program to print alphabet patterns

Thursday, April 11, 2013 Special Programs 1 comment

Love to generate different patterns with C or C++ compilers:
Check this program, this program is able to generate all alphabet patterns from A-Z.
A pattern for line I Love BcaStuff.

Pattern for all characters is generated separately, but I merged them all in a single collage to better view.

Try this code to generate pattern for all 26 alphabets and heart shape :

//A Program to print all alphabets pattern
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<iostream.h>
#include<process.h>
class a_z
{
 public:
 int i,j,n;
 a_z()
 {
  do
  {
   cout<<"Enter size for pattern (Odd value) : ";
   cin>>n;
  }
  while(!(n>=1&&n<=25));
  if(n%2==0)
  {
   n++;
  }
 }
 void print_a();
 void print_b();
 void print_c();
 void print_d();
 void print_e();
 void print_f();
 void print_g();
 void print_h();
 void print_i();
 void print_j();
 void print_k();
 void print_l();
 void print_m();
 void print_n();
 void print_o();
 void print_p();
 void print_q();
 void print_r();
 void print_s();
 void print_t();
 void print_u();
 void print_v();
 void print_w();
 void print_x();
 void print_y();
 void print_z();
 void print_heart();
 void print_atoz();
 void print_ch(char);
};
void main()
{
 do
 {
  clrscr();
  int choice;
  char ch;
  cout<<"[1] To print all Alphabets"<<endl;
  cout<<"[2] To print an Alphabet individual"<<endl;
  cout<<"[3] To print Name"<<endl;
  cout<<"[4] To print a line containing word \"LOVE\""<<endl;
  cout<<"[0] To exit"<<endl;
  cout<<"Enter your choice : ";
  fflush(stdin);
  cin>>choice;
  clrscr();
  switch(choice)
  {
   case 1:
    a_z obj1;
    obj1.print_atoz();
    break;
   case 2:
    a_z obj2;
    cout<<"Enter the Alphabet that you want to print : ";
    fflush(stdin);
    cin>>ch;
    obj2.print_ch(ch);
    break;
   case 3:
    a_z obj3;
    char name[20];
    int count=0;
    cout<<"Enter Name : ";
    gets(name);
    while(name[count]!=NULL)
    {
     if((name[count]>=97&&name[count]<=122)||(name[count]>=65&&name[count]<=90))
      obj3.print_ch(name[count]);
     count++;
    }
    break;
   case 4:
    a_z obj4;
    count=0;
    cout<<"Enter Line : ";
    gets(name);
    while(name[count]!=NULL)
    {
     if((name[count]=='l'||name[count]=='L')&&(name[count+1]=='o'||name[count+1]=='O')&&(name[count+2]=='v'||name[count+2]=='V')&&(name[count+3]=='E'||name[count+3]=='e'))
     {
      obj4.print_heart();
      count+=3;
     }
     else if((name[count]>=97&&name[count]<=122)||(name[count]>=65&&name[count]<=90))
      obj4.print_ch(name[count]);
     count++;
    }
    break;
   case 0:
    exit(0);
   default:
    cout<<"Not a valid choice !"<<endl<<"Try Again";
    getch();
  }
 }
 while(1);
}

//*********************************************************
 void a_z::print_a()
 {
  clrscr();
  for(i=0;i<n;i++)
  {
   for(j=0;j<2*n-1;j++)
   {
    if(j==(n-1)-i||j==(n-1)+i||i==n/2&&(j>=n/2&&j<=(n-1)+(n/2)))
    {
     printf("A");
    }
    else
    {
     printf(" ");
    }
   }
    printf("\n");
  }
  getch();
 }

 void a_z::print_b()
 {
  clrscr();
  for(i=0;i<n;i++)
  {
   for(j=0;j<n;j++)
   {
    if(i==0||j==1||j==n-1||i==n-1||i==n/2)
    {
     printf("B");
    }
    else
    {
     printf(" ");
    }
   }
    printf("\n");
  }
  getch();
 }

 void a_z::print_c()
 {
  clrscr();
  for(i=0;i<n;i++)
  {
   for(j=0;j<n;j++)
   {
    if(i==0||j==0||i==n-1)
    {
     printf("C");
    }
    else
    {
     printf(" ");
    }
   }
    printf("\n");
  }
  getch();
 }

 void a_z::print_d()
 {
  clrscr();
  for(i=0;i<n;i++)
  {
   for(j=0;j<n;j++)
   {
    if(i==0||j==(n/2)-1||i==n-1||j==n-1)
    {
     printf("D");
    }
    else
    {
     printf(" ");
    }
   }
    printf("\n");
  }
  getch();
 }

 void a_z::print_e()
 {
  clrscr();
  for(i=0;i<n;i++)
  {
   for(j=0;j<n;j++)
   {
    if(i==0||i==n-1||i==n/2||j==0)
    {
     printf("E");
    }
    else
    {
     printf(" ");
    }
   }
    printf("\n");
  }
  getch();
 }

 void a_z::print_f()
 {
  clrscr();
  for(i=0;i<n;i++)
  {
   for(j=0;j<n;j++)
   {
    if(i==0||i==n/2||j==0)
    {
     printf("F");
    }
    else
    {
     printf(" ");
    }
   }
    printf("\n");
  }
  getch();
 }

 void a_z::print_g()
 {
  clrscr();
  for(i=0;i<n;i++)
  {
   for(j=0;j<n;j++)
   {
    if(i==0||j==0||(i==n-1&&j<=n/2+1)||(j==n-1&&i>=n/2)||(j==n/2+1&&i>=n/2)||(i==n/2&&j>=n/2+1))
    {
     printf("G");
    }
    else
    {
     printf(" ");
    }
   }
    printf("\n");
  }
  getch();
 }

 void a_z::print_h()
 {
  clrscr();
  for(i=0;i<n;i++)
  {
   for(j=0;j<n;j++)
   {
    if(j==0||j==n-1||i==n/2)
    {
     printf("H");
    }
    else
    {
     printf(" ");
    }
   }
    printf("\n");
  }
  getch();
 }

 void a_z::print_i()
 {
  clrscr();
  for(i=0;i<n;i++)
  {
   for(j=0;j<n;j++)
   {
    if(i==0||i==n-1||j==n/2)
    {
     printf("I");
    }
    else
    {
     printf(" ");
    }
   }
    printf("\n");
  }
  getch();
 }

 void a_z::print_j()
 {
  clrscr();
  for(i=0;i<n;i++)
  {
   for(j=0;j<n;j++)
   {
    if(i==0||j==n/2||(j==0&&i>=n/2+1)||(i==n-1&&j<=n/2))
    {
     printf("J");
    }
    else
    {
     printf(" ");
    }
   }
    printf("\n");
  }
  getch();
 }


 void a_z::print_k()
 {
  clrscr();
  for(i=0;i<n;i++)
  {
   for(j=0;j<n;j++)
   {
    if(j==0||i-j==n/2-1||i+j==n/2+1)
    {
     printf("K");
    }
    else
    {
     printf(" ");
    }
   }
    printf("\n");
  }
  getch();
 }

 void a_z::print_l()
 {
  clrscr();
  for(i=0;i<n;i++)
  {
   for(j=0;j<n;j++)
   {
    if(j==0||i==n-1)
    {
     printf("L");
    }
    else
    {
     printf(" ");
    }
   }
    printf("\n");
  }
  getch();
 }

 void a_z::print_m()
 {
  clrscr();
  for(i=0;i<n;i++)
  {
   for(j=0;j<2*n-1;j++)
   {
    if(j==0||j==2*n-2||(i<=n/2&&(j==2*i||j==(2*n-2)-2*i)))
    {
     printf("M");
    }
    else
    {
     printf(" ");
    }
   }
    printf("\n");
  }
  getch();
 }

 void a_z::print_n()
 {
  clrscr();
  for(i=0;i<n;i++)
  {
   for(j=0;j<n;j++)
   {
    if(j==0||j==n-1||i==j)
    {
     printf("N");
    }
    else
    {
     printf(" ");
    }
   }
    printf("\n");
  }
  getch();
 }

 void a_z::print_o()
 {
  clrscr();
  for(i=0;i<n;i++)
  {
   for(j=0;j<n;j++)
   {
    if(j==0||j==n-1||i==0||i==n-1)
    {
     printf("O");
    }
    else
    {
     printf(" ");
    }
   }
    printf("\n");
  }
  getch();
 }

 void a_z::print_p()
 {
  clrscr();
  for(i=0;i<n;i++)
  {
   for(j=0;j<n;j++)
   {
    if(j==0||i==0||i<n/2&&j==n-1||i==n/2)
    {
     printf("P");
    }
    else
    {
     printf(" ");
    }
   }
    printf("\n");
  }
  getch();
 }


 void a_z::print_q()
 {
  clrscr();
  for(i=0;i<n+n/2-1;i++)
  {
   for(j=0;j<n+n/2-1;j++)
   {
    if((i==0&&j<=n-1)||(j==0&&i<=n-1)||(i==n-1&&j<=n-1)||(j==n-1&&i<=n-1)||(i>=n/2&&i==j))
    {
     printf("Q");
    }
    else
    {
     printf(" ");
    }
   }
    printf("\n");
  }
  getch();
 }

 void a_z::print_r()
 {
  clrscr();
  for(i=0;i<n;i++)
  {
   for(j=0;j<n;j++)
   {
    if(j==0||i==0||i==n/2||(i<n/2&&j==n-1)||(i>n/2&&i==j))
    {
     printf("R");
    }
    else
    {
     printf(" ");
    }
   }
    printf("\n");
  }
  getch();
 }

 void a_z::print_s()
 {
  clrscr();
  for(i=0;i<n;i++)
  {
   for(j=0;j<n;j++)
   {
    if(i==0||i==n-1||i==n/2||(i<n/2&&j==0)||(i>n/2&&j==n-1))
    {
     printf("S");
    }
    else
    {
     printf(" ");
    }
   }
    printf("\n");
  }
  getch();
 }

 void a_z::print_t()
 {
  clrscr();
  for(i=0;i<n;i++)
  {
   for(j=0;j<2*n-1;j++)
   {
    if(i==0||j==n-1)
    {
     printf("T");
    }
    else
    {
     printf(" ");
    }
   }
    printf("\n");
  }
  getch();
 }

 void a_z::print_u()
 {
  clrscr();
  for(i=0;i<n;i++)
  {
   for(j=0;j<n;j++)
   {
    if(j==0||j==n-1||i==n-1)
    {
     printf("U");
    }
    else
    {
     printf(" ");
    }
   }
    printf("\n");
  }
  getch();
 }

 void a_z::print_v()
 {
  clrscr();
  for(i=0;i<n;i++)
  {
   for(j=0;j<2*n-1;j++)
   {
    if(i==j||i+j==2*n-2)
    {
     printf("V");
    }
    else
    {
     printf(" ");
    }
   }
    printf("\n");
  }
  getch();
 }

 void a_z::print_w()
 {
  clrscr();
  for(i=0;i<n;i++)
  {
   for(j=0;j<2*n-1;j++)
   {
    if(j==0||j==2*n-2||(i>=n/2&&(2*i+j==2*n-2||2*i==j)))
    {
     printf("W");
    }
    else
    {
     printf(" ");
    }
   }
    printf("\n");
  }
  getch();
 }

 void a_z::print_x()
 {
  clrscr();
  for(i=0;i<n;i++)
  {
   for(j=0;j<n;j++)
   {
    if(i==j||i+j==n-1)
    {
     printf("X");
    }
    else
    {
     printf(" ");
    }
   }
    printf("\n");
  }
  getch();
 }

 void a_z::print_y()
 {
  clrscr();
  for(i=0;i<n;i++)
  {
   for(j=0;j<n;j++)
   {
    if(i<=n/2&&(i==j||i+j==n-1)||(i>n/2&&j==n/2))
    {
     printf("Y");
    }
    else
    {
     printf(" ");
    }
   }
    printf("\n");
  }
  getch();
 }

 void a_z::print_z()
 {
  clrscr();
  for(i=0;i<n;i++)
  {
   for(j=0;j<n;j++)
   {
    if(i==0||i+j==n-1||i==n-1)
    {
     printf("Z");
    }
    else
    {
     printf(" ");
    }
   }
    printf("\n");
  }
  getch();
 }

 void a_z::print_heart()
 {
  clrscr();
  for(i=0;i<n;i++)
  {
   for(j=0;j<n;j++)
   {
    if(i==0&&(j>=n/5&&j<=n/2-n/5)||i==0&&(j>=n/2+n/5&&j<=(n-1)-n/5))
     cout<<"* ";
    else if(i>0&&i<=n/5&&(j==n/5-i||j==n/2+n/5-i||j==n/2-n/5+i||j==(n-1)-n/5+i))
     cout<<"* ";
    else if((i>n/5&&i<=n/2)&&(j==0||j==n-1))
     cout<<"* ";
    else if(i>n/2&&(j==i-n/2||j==(n-1)-(i-n/2)))
    cout<<"* ";
    else
     cout<<"  ";
   }
   cout<<endl;
  }
  getch();
 }

 void a_z::print_atoz()
 {
  print_a();
  print_b();
  print_c();
  print_d();
  print_e();
  print_f();
  print_g();
  print_h();
  print_i();
  print_j();
  print_k();
  print_l();
  print_m();
  print_n();
  print_o();
  print_p();
  print_q();
  print_r();
  print_s();
  print_t();
  print_u();
  print_v();
  print_w();
  print_x();
  print_y();
  print_z();
 }
 void a_z::print_ch(char ch)
 {
  switch(ch)
  {
   case 'a':
   case 'A':
    print_a();
    break;
   case 'b':
   case 'B':
    print_b();
    break;
   case 'c':
   case 'C':
    print_c();
    break;
   case 'd':
   case 'D':
    print_d();
    break;
   case 'e':
   case 'E':
    print_e();
    break;
   case 'f':
   case 'F':
    print_f();
    break;
   case 'g':
   case 'G':
    print_g();
    break;
   case 'h':
   case 'H':
    print_h();
    break;
   case 'i':
   case 'I':
    print_i();
    break;
   case 'j':
   case 'J':
    print_j();
    break;
   case 'k':
   case 'K':
    print_k();
    break;
   case 'l':
   case 'L':
    print_l();
    break;
   case 'm':
   case 'M':
    print_m();
    break;
   case 'n':
   case 'N':
    print_n();
    break;
   case 'o':
   case 'O':
    print_o();
    break;
   case 'p':
   case 'P':
    print_p();
    break;
   case 'q':
   case 'Q':
    print_q();
    break;
   case 'r':
   case 'R':
    print_r();
    break;
   case 's':
   case 'S':
    print_s();
    break;
   case 't':
   case 'T':
    print_t();
    break;
   case 'u':
   case 'U':
    print_u();
    break;
   case 'v':
   case 'V':
    print_v();
    break;
   case 'w':
   case 'W':
    print_w();
    break;
   case 'x':
   case 'X':
    print_x();
    break;
   case 'y':
   case 'Y':
    print_y();
    break;
   case 'z':
   case 'Z':
    print_z();
   default:
    printf("Inputted Element Is Not An Alphabet.");
    getch();
  }
 }

Program of falling colorful characters

Thursday, April 11, 2013 Special Programs No comments

One more colorful program:

//Program of falling colorful characters
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<iostream.h>
#include<dos.h>
#include<string.h>
class text
{
 char msg[80],ch,color;
 int x,y,color_code,speed;
 static int i;
 public:
 text()
 {
  x=1;
  y=3;
  speed=200;
  color_code=15;
  textcolor(15);
  textbackground(0);
 }
 void intro()
 {
  int j=0,k=0;
  clrscr();
  printf("\tFalling character program\n\n");
  printf("In this you have to enter a string.\nCharacter of inputed string will automatically fall down one by one.\nYou can chage color of falling character at that time with the help of given\ninstructions.");
  printf("\n\t\tHint\n");
  printf("1. To change character colors press keys associated to the color\n");
  printf("2. To increase character speed press Down arrow\n");
  printf("3. To decrease character speed press Up arrow\n");
  printf("4. If you want to exit press ESC key when characters are falling down.\n\n");
  printf("Press any key to continue");
  getch();
  clrscr();
  gotoxy(35,12);
  while(j<2)
  {
   printf("Loading");
   while(k<3)
   {
    printf(".");
    delay(300);
    k++;
   }
   j++;
   clrscr();
  }
 }
 void getmsg()
 {
  cout<<"Enter a message : ";
  gets(msg);
 }
 void putmsg()
 {
  clrscr();
  textcolor(128+15);
  gotoxy(40-strlen(msg)/2,1);
  puts(msg);
  gotoxy(1,25);

  textcolor(0);
  textbackground(1);
  cprintf("A");
  textcolor(1);
  textbackground(0);
  cprintf(" (BLUE)  ");

  textcolor(0);
  textbackground(2);
  cprintf("S");
  textcolor(2);
  textbackground(0);
  cprintf(" (GREEN)  ");

  textcolor(0);
  textbackground(3);
  cprintf("D");
  textcolor(3);
  textbackground(0);
  cprintf(" (CYAN)  ");

  textcolor(0);
  textbackground(4);
  cprintf("F");
  textcolor(4);
  textbackground(0);
  cprintf(" (RED)  ");

  textcolor(0);
  textbackground(5);
  cprintf("J");
  textcolor(5);
  textbackground(0);
  cprintf(" (MAGENTA)  ");

  textcolor(0);
  textbackground(6);
  cprintf("K");
  textcolor(6);
  textbackground(0);
  cprintf(" (BROWN)  ");

  textcolor(0);
  textbackground(7);
  cprintf("L");
  textcolor(14);
  textbackground(0);
  cprintf(" (YELLOW)");
 }
 void saperate_char()
 {
  ch=msg[i];
  msg[i]=' ';
 }
 void move_char(char c)
 {
  textcolor(128+15);
  if(y<=20)
  {
   clrscr();
   putmsg();
   x=40-strlen(msg)/2+i;
   gotoxy(x,y++);
   textcolor(color_code);
   cprintf("%c",c);
   delay(speed);
  }
 }
 void text_color()
 {
  intro();
  getmsg();
  putmsg();
  saperate_char();
  do
  {
   while(!kbhit())
   {
    move_char(ch);
    if(y>20)
    {
     i++;
     while(msg[i]==32)
      i++;
     y=3;
     x++;
     saperate_char();
     break;
    }
   }
   if(kbhit())
    color=getch();
    switch(color)
    {
     case 'a':
     case 'A':
      color_code=1;
      break;
     case 's':
     case 'S':
      color_code=2;
      break;
     case 'd':
     case 'D':
      color_code=3;
      break;
     case 'f':
     case 'F':
      color_code=4;
      break;
     case 'j':
     case 'J':
      color_code=5;
      break;
     case 'k':
     case 'K':
      color_code=6;
      break;
     case 'l':
     case 'L':
      color_code=14;
      break;
     case 72:
      speed+=70;
      break;
     case 80:
      if(speed-35>10)
      speed-=35;
      break;
     default:
      color_code=color_code;
    }
  }
  while(!(ch==NULL||color==27));
 }

};
int text::i=0;
void main()
{
 clrscr();
 text t;
 t.text_color();
 clrscr();
}

Program to draw a hut pattern

Thursday, April 11, 2013 Special Programs 4 comments

Want to draw something new ?

Try this:

//Program to draw a hut pattern
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<iostream.h>
void main()
{
 clrscr();
 int n,i,j,t;
 cout<<"Enter limit for home pattern : ";
 cin>>n;
 if(n%2==0)
  n++;
 for(i=0;i<=n-n/3;i++)
 {
  for(j=0;j<n;j++)
  {
    t=2*n/5;
    if(t%2!=0)
     t--;
    if(i==n/5||i==n-n/3||(j==n-1&&i>=n/5)||(j>=n/5&&j<n-n/5&&i==0)||(j==0&&i>=n/5)||(j==t&&i>n/5)||(i<=n/5&&(i+j==n/5||j-i==n/5))||(j-i==n-n/5))
     cout<<" *";
    else if(i==n/5+n/7&&(j>=n/7&&j<=t-n/7))
     cout<<" _";
    else if(i>=n/5+n/7&&(j==n/7||j==t-n/7))
     cout<<" |";
    else
     cout<<"  ";
  }
  cout<<"\n";
 }
 getch();
}

Program to print colorful heart pattern

Thursday, April 11, 2013 Special Programs No comments

Try this code:

//Program to print colorful heart pattern
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<iostream.h>
#include<dos.h>
void main()
{
 clrscr();
 int n,n1,i,j,x,y,temp;
 cout<<"Enter limit for pattern : ";
 cin>>n;
 if(n%2==0)
  n++;
 n1=n;
 clrscr();
 do
 {
 n=n1;
 x=0;
 y=0;
 temp=0;
 while(x<=n)
 {
  for(i=0;i<n;i++)
  {
   if(i!=0)
    textcolor(128+i);
   for(j=0;j<n;j++)
   {
    x=x+2;
    if(i==0&&(j>=n/5&&j<=n/2-n/5)||i==0&&(j>=n/2+n/5&&j<=(n-1)-n/5))
    {
     gotoxy(x,y); cprintf("* ");
    }
    else if(i>0&&i<=n/5&&(j==n/5-i||j==n/2+n/5-i||j==n/2-n/5+i||j==(n-1)-n/5+i))
    {
     gotoxy(x,y); cprintf("* ");
    }
    else if((i>n/5&&i<=n/2)&&(j==0||j==n-1))
    {
     gotoxy(x,y); cprintf("* ");
    }
    else if(i>n/2&&(j==i-n/2||j==(n-1)-(i-n/2)))
    {
     gotoxy(x,y); cprintf("* ");
    }
    else
    {
     gotoxy(x,y); cprintf("  ");
    }
   }
   y++;
   x=temp;
   gotoxy(x,y);
  }
  n-=2;
  x=temp=temp+2;
  y=temp-1;
  delay(300);
  clrscr();
 }
 }
 while(!kbhit());
 getch();
}

Program to print Heart pattern

Thursday, April 11, 2013 Special Programs No comments

Have you tried generating different patterns in C or C++ ?

I know its easy but I am sharing what I tried.

Here is simple Heart pattern.

And will look something like this :

//Program to print heart pattern
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<iostream.h>
void main()
{
 clrscr();
 int n,i,j;
 cout<<"Enter limit for pattern : ";
 cin>>n;
 if(n%2==0)
  n++;

 for(i=0;i<n;i++)
 {
  for(j=0;j<n;j++)
  {
   if(i==0&&(j>=n/5&&j<=n/2-n/5)||i==0&&(j>=n/2+n/5&&j<=(n-1)-n/5))
    cout<<"* ";
   else if(i>0&&i<=n/5&&(j==n/5-i||j==n/2+n/5-i||j==n/2-n/5+i||j==(n-1)-n/5+i))
    cout<<"* ";
   else if((i>n/5&&i<=n/2)&&(j==0||j==n-1))
    cout<<"* ";
   else if(i>n/2&&(j==i-n/2||j==(n-1)-(i-n/2)))
    cout<<"* ";
   else
    cout<<"  ";
  }
  cout<<"\n";
 }
 getch();
}

Program to understand concept of Class and Object

Thursday, April 11, 2013 Basic C++ Programs No comments

After getting the basic difference between syntax of C and C++ we can develop almost all C programs in C++ also. C++ also support same conditional statements, loops and the logic for the code.
Here is the list of C programs that can be developed in C++ also with minor changes in syntax as I described in my last post.
Basic C Programs.

Now we will take a look at new concepts introduced in C++ :

Class
Before reading concept of class you should have basic idea of Structure in C.
Structure allows us to store different data types at one place.
Class also follow the same concept but it is advanced so it enables user to define function with data members. Means user can define different data members in a class as we do in structure and user can also define functions based on those data members.

Object
Object is a run time entity. Object is a variable of a class, that allows user to access class data members and functions.
It is also known as Instance.

A program to understand class and object concept:

//Program to understand concept of class and object
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<iostream.h>

class student
{
 char s_name[20];
 char s_address[50];
 int s_marks[5];
 float s_percentage;

 public:
 void get()
 {
 int i;
 cout<<"Enter student information : \n\n";
 cout<<"Enter student name : ";
 gets(s_name);
 cout<<"Enter student address : ";
 gets(s_address);
 cout<<"Enter student's five subjects marks : \n";
 for(i=0;i<5;i++)
 {
   cout<<"Enter marks of "<<i+1<<" subject : ";
   cin>>s_marks[i];
 }
 cout<<"\nEnter student percentage : ";
 cin>>s_percentage;
 }
 void display()
 {
 int i;
 cout<<"Student information : \n\n";
 cout<<"Student name : ";
 puts(stud.s_name);
 cout<<"Student address : ";
 puts(stud.s_address);
 cout<<"Student's five subjects marks : \n";
 for(i=0;i<5;i++)
 {
   cout<<"Marks of "<<i+1<<" subject : ";
   cout<<stud.s_marks[i]<<"\n";
 }
 cout<<"\nStudent percentage : ";
 cout<<stud.s_percentage;
 }
};

student stud;
void main()
{
 clrscr();
 stud.get();
 stud.display();
 getch();
}

In this program we have class named student which contains s_name, s_address, s_marks[5], s_percentage as data members, and we have two function get() and display(). Here we are using get() function to get value for class data members and display() function to print the value of class data members.
we declared an object like this :

student stud;

Above syntax is to declare an object, student is our class name and stud is our object.
Using this object we are calling class functions get() and display() like this :

stud.get();
stud.display();

So here is all we did with the help of object of the class. We accessed class functions outside the class using objects.

Program to print hello word in cpp

Thursday, April 11, 2013 Basic C++ Programs No comments

Starting with C++

As we started our first program with Hello word in C now we are doing this with C++.

Environment of C++ has some differences then C environment.

In C language we use stdio.h for basic input output operation with help of printf() and scanf() functions.

Here we will use cout and cin object defined in iostream.h header file.

Cout is used for output.

Cin is used for input.

For detailed study of basic input/output: Read

A Hello word program here :

//Program to print hello
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
 clrscr();
 cout<<"Hello!";
 getch();
}

Program to use Structure to store student information

Thursday, April 11, 2013 Basic C Programs No comments

Before C++ we had a concept of structure in c language. Structure allows us to hold different types of data in one variable.

For example, if we want to store information of a student, we may have different different information, like name, address, percentage, marks etc. And we know that different fields will use different data types, name and address will need character array, percentage will need float type and marks for multiple subjects will need an integer array.

So to combine all these type of different data types at one place, concept of structure is introduced.

struct student

{

char s_name[20];

char s_address[50];

int marks[5];

float percentage;

};

We use struct keyword to declare any structure.

And all fields declared inside structure are known as structure members.

now if we want to use these all fields for a single entity then we just need to declare a variable of this type:

struct student stud;

here, a variable stud is able hold all above mentioned information for a student-

//Program to use structure to store student's basic information
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
struct student
{
 char s_name[20];
 char s_address[50];
 int s_marks[5];
 float s_percentage;
};

struct student stud;
void get();
void display();
void main()
{
 clrscr();
 get();
 display();
 getch();
}
void get()
{
 int i;
 printf("Enter student information : \n\n");
 printf("Enter student name : ");
 gets(stud.s_name);
 printf("Enter student address : ");
 gets(stud.s_address);
 printf("Enter student's five subjects marks : \n");
 for(i=0;i<5;i++)
 {
  printf("Enter marks of %d subject : ",i+1);
  scanf("%d",&stud.s_marks[i]);
 }
 printf("\nEnter student percentage : ");
 scanf("%f",&stud.s_percentage);
}
void display()
{
 int i;
 printf("Student information : \n\n");
 printf("Student name : ");
 puts(stud.s_name);
 printf("Student address : ");
 puts(stud.s_address);
 printf("Student's five subjects marks : \n");
 for(i=0;i<5;i++)
 {
  printf("Marks of %d subject : ",i+1);
  printf("%d\n",stud.s_marks[i]);
 }
 printf("\nStudent percentage : ");
 printf("%2.2f",stud.s_percentage);

}

To access members of a structure we use (.) structure reference operator.
For detailed study about structure click here.

Run this program to understand this concept, comment below if you have any query.

Study Material for BCA Students

Thursday, April 11, 2013

Program to print alphabet patterns

Program of falling colorful characters

Program to draw a hut pattern

Program to print colorful heart pattern

Program to print Heart pattern

Program to understand concept of Class and Object

Program to print hello word in cpp

Program to use Structure to store student information

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